2715e45367
JKD/Kali curriculum documents with markdown transcriptions: - beginner_jkd_concepts: Wing Chun theory, centerline, trapping, five ways of attack - filipino_kali_concepts: 12 areas of LaCoste Inosanto Kali, training methodology, knife system, panantukan - jun_fan_terminology: Cantonese martial arts glossary (stances, terms of motion) - jkd_level1_syllabus: Level 1 JKD Centurion curriculum (Hermes, Achilles, Ajax series) - kali_level1_syllabus: Level 1 Kali Centurion curriculum (angles of attack, sinawali, sumbrada)
314 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
314 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
# JKD Concepts - Centurion Curriculum
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## Beginner JKD Concepts - Jun Fan Gung Fu/Wing Chun Theory
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### Jeet Kune Do Symbol
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The Chinese phrases surrounding the symbol are: "Using No Way as Way" (Yee Mo Fat Way Yao Fat) and "Having No Limitation as Limitation" (Yee Mo Han Way Yao Han). Regarding the first statement, one is to approach combat without any preconceived notions, and simply respond to "what is." In this way, the martial artist is adaptable and pliable enough to fit in with any opponent and situation instantly. He is using no particular or set way that was preconditioned in him. "No-mindedness" is a term often used to describe this state of unconscious consciousness or conscious unconsciousness. And, indeed, it is an ideal state that is difficult to attain but which one aspires to. In addition, one tries to be like water when using this "no-way" approach. Water automatically assumes the container that it is poured in, thereby constantly fitting in with and adapting to the situation.
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By having no limitation as the only limitation, one can transcend martial arts boundaries that are set by style, tradition, race, individual preferences, etc. Lee gave the JKD man the freedom to explore other martial arts with the only limitation being that he has only has two hands and two feet and the objective is how to use them to the maximum. Furthermore, Lee wanted us to search deep within ourselves to find what works best for each one of us. No longer are we dependent on the teachings of various styles or teachers. But by taking an honest assessment of our own strengths and weaknesses, we can improve our martial skill as well as our daily living. Like he said, "Knowledge ultimately, means self-knowledge." With this freedom to improve our skill and life in any way that we like, one is able to honestly express one's self.
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### Centerline Theory
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- The centerline is an imaginary vertical line that runs along the center of the body from head to foot.
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- The primary targets of the body lie on the centerline, such as the eyes, throat, groin and knees.
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- The secondary targets also lie on the centerline, such as the nose, mouth, chin, sternum, solar plexus, stomach, liver, inner thigh, outer thigh, shin, and instep.
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- The rear targets are the back of the head, neck, spine, tailbone, hamstrings, back of the knee, and Achilles.
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- All offense is directed to the centerline.
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- All defense originates from the centerline.
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- All footwork is designed to intercept the centerline.
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- In emptiness, you hit in a straight line.
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- Control, occupy, and defend the centerline at all times.
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- Objective is to hit the centerline without being hit yourself.
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- The first thing you must learn is how to defend your centerline.
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- Herein lies the application of economy of motion. By always keeping the hand on the centerline, all blocking movements are kept to a minimum.
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- In learning how to correctly block attacks directed at the centerline, one also learns how to counter attack at the same time while maintaining the centerline guard.
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- All actions in Wing Chun are done with centerline theory in mind!
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### The Four Corners Theory
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- The four corners are imaginary boundaries in which the Wing Chun hands operate.
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- The hands never go outside these boundaries.
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- The concept is to allow the opponent to enter one of the four corners and then close the gate upon the attack.
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- By not going outside of one's boundaries, one learns not to chase for the illusive opponent.
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- The four corners are High Outside, High Inside, Low Outside, and Low Inside.
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### The Five Gates Theory
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- Bruce Lee added the fifth sector (gate), which went from the waist to the feet.
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- This was made for the kicking methods found in modern kickboxing.
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- The fifth gate is divided into the front leg and the rear leg.
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### Immovable Elbow Theory
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- The position of the elbow is one fist away from the body.
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- In Wing Chun, one learns to open and close the elbow for attack and defense.
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- The concentration of energy at only one point on the elbow gives rise to the immovable elbow.
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### Straight Line Attack Theory
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- The shortest distance between two points is a straight line.
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- In offense and defense, we utilize the nearest weapon to the nearest target.
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### Bridge Hand Theory
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- The forearm is referred to as the bridge.
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- The forearm is used to intercept the opponent's forearm or attack in both offense and defense. This interception is referred to as a bridge.
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- By using a bridge, we decrease the margin of being hit, and increase our margin of control.
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### Trapping Hands Theory
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- Referred to as the tying up of hands (immobilizing the hands).
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- The idea is to use one hand to pin the opponent's two hands with one hand so that the other hand is free to strike at will.
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- This theory also correlates that two hands should not be used to control one of the opponent's hands.
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### Economy of Motion Theory
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- Simple, direct, and non-classical (non-traditional)
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- Motions should be economical, not overly complicated, but should go directly to the target
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- No wasted energy and unnecessary motions in your actions. Use the least possible movement.
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- Falls in line with the straight line of attack theory and the four corners theory. This advocates using the shortest path and the line of least resistance.
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### Simultaneous Block and Attack (Lin Sil Dai Da) Theory
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- Applying the attack at the same moment of defense. Hence offense and defense are one thing.
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- By simultaneous block and attack, we want to change our defense into our offense in order to gain the momentum.
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- It also reduces the timing in an attack to the point that the strike is with the block. This is what is meant by lightning hand striking.
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### Triangle Theory
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- The triangle serves as the basic principle in the formation and use of all Wing Chun techniques.
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- It also serves as a strong and efficient device to redirect energy. The more precise the position, the less energy required by the technique.
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### Circle Theory
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- The circle is an effective means to absorb and dissipate power. It is also an effective means in which to generate power.
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### Three Sectors Theory
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- The three sectors are imaginary lines which separate the body into three sections.
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- The high section is from the solar plexus up to the top of the head.
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- The middle section is from the groin to the solar plexus.
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- The low section is from the groin to the feet.
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- Hands take care of the top two levels; legs take care of the bottom level.
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- The hands do not chase into the low level.
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### Power Side Forward Theory
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- Lead with your dominant side; you can hit harder, faster, and more accurately; weak side is in the rear, which gives it more power from hip rotation.
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- Both hands have "knockout" power - there is no "weak hand."
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- Bruce Lee adopted this concept from Fencing.
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### Forward Pressure
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- Powerful driving energy to push him back, forcing him to retreat
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- Used to destroy his base and balance
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- The Wing Chun Battle Punches and Western Boxing is often used to create pressure
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### Four Ranges of Combat
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1. Kicking
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2. Punching
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3. Trapping
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4. Grappling/Ground Fighting
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### Fighting Measure
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- The distance you want to maintain & control against an enemy
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- Proper distance is such that he can't touch you without first taking a step or making a big motion.
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- We avoid starting the fight in "trading blows" range, where he is close enough to touch you
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- Maintain a 360 circle of awareness and avoid "tunnel vision". Watch for his friends to ambush you
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- Always expect the unexpected
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### Non-Telegraphic Motion
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- Never show your enemy what you are about to do before you do it: do not alert him
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- Never show him anything. Telegraphing can be physical, emotional, and psychological
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- Hit from where you are; not re-setting to a better position before striking
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### Visual Focus Principles
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- Where your eyes look at during a fight
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- Use 360 degrees Peripheral Vision - Avoid Focal Vision
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- Primary Visual Focus: the solar plexus
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- Secondary Visual Focus: the head
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- Tertiary Visual Focus: the elbows (for punches) and knees (for kicks)
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### Five Ways of Attack
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- **S.A.A./S.D.A.** - Single Angular Attack/Single Direct Attack
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- **A.B.C.** - Attack by Combination
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- **H.I.A./F.I.A.** - Hand/Foot Immobilization Attack (Trapping)
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- **P.I.A.** - Progressive Indirect Attack
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- **A.B.D.** - Attack by Drawing
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### Time-Distance Variable
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- The less distance you have from your opponent, the less time you have to react.
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- The more distance you have from your opponent, the more time you have to react.
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- Defensively, you want more distance from your enemy to give you more reaction time.
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- Offensively, you want to close the distance on your enemy quickly to give him no reaction time.
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### The 9-Second Rule
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- You must end the fight in less than 9 seconds, or odds of success decrease dramatically
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- The longer the fight, the odds increase that you might end up on the ground, weapons will be drawn, and multiple enemies will attack you.
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### Worst-Case Scenario
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- Always train as if the enemy is bigger, stronger, and tougher than you are.
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- Always assume your enemy has a weapon, even if you cannot see it.
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- Always assume your enemy has friends coming to help him
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- Never underestimate anyone
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### Do Not Meet Force with Force
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- To defeat strength: leverage, angulation, body mechanics, speed, sensitivity, and explosive force.
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- If you have to strain your muscles to defeat your enemy, then your technique is incorrect.
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- Blocking vs. Deflecting: blocking means using force to move your enemy's kick or punch away while staying stationary; deflecting means moving yourself away from your enemy's kick or punch while using footwork and evasion and not using little or no force.
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- Blocking only works if you are bigger and stronger than your enemy. Otherwise you cannot block an enemy outside of your weight class without risking injury or failure. Deflecting and Parrying is preferable.
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### Immovable Elbow Moving Line
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- The lead elbow must be as strong as steel - never allow it to compress inwards
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- The lead elbow must be lined up on the centerline
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- The lead elbow must be placed about one and a half fist length from the body.
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- All punches and deflections begin from the elbow, not the hand.
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### Three Levels of Defense in JKD
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1. **Interception**: respond by intercepting the enemy's movement.
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2. **Evasion and Footwork**: respond by evading the enemy's attack, then counter-attack him.
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3. **Parrying, Trapping, and Counter-Attacking**: respond by parrying, trapping, and counter-attacking.
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### Hammer Principle
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By aiming (dropping your hand like a hammer) and lining up the lead hand at the target a split second before striking, you land a fast, accurate hit without telegraphing.
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### Types of Speed
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- **Physical** - the speed at which your body moves during an action
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- **Reaction** - the speed at which you receive a stimulus then take action
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- **Initiation** - the speed at which you go from inaction to action in response to a stimulus
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- **Perception/Visual** - the speed at which you see and perceive stimuli then take action
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- **Audible** - the speed at which you hear stimuli then take action
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- **Mental** - the speed at which your mind chooses the right action in response to stimuli
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- **Alteration** - the speed at which you can change directions in the middle of an action
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- **Combination** - the speed at which you can deliver a series of movements in one flow
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- **Sensitivity** - the speed at which you can read pressure using touch, then take action
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- **Footwork/Agility** - the speed at which you can move your feet properly
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- **Trapping** - the speed at which you can apply the right trapping attacks on your enemy
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### Relax - Explode Principle
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- Maintain a loose and relaxed physical and mental state, until the last moment when you strike.
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- The strike is delivered suddenly with maximum explosive force, velocity, and deep penetration. When you go from a relaxed state to a sudden burst of speed and high intensity, you create explosive force.
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- Explosive force accelerates towards the target and goes past it; non-explosive force (pushing force) will slow down as it nears the target, with very little penetration.
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### Three Attack Lines of Wing Chun
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1. **Attack Line 1** - Centerline (Attack is Straight)
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2. **Attack Line 2** - Slanted (Attack is Angled to Opposite Shoulder)
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3. **Attack Line 3** - Lateral Line (Attack Comes from the Side of the Head)
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### Three Sticks Concept
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1. **Stick 1 (Centerline)** - protect and defend at all costs - never give away your centerline
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2. **Stick 2 (Lead Elbow)** - "Strong as Steel" - never allow your elbow to collapse into your body
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3. **Stick 3 (Lead Forearm)** - "Soft as a Blade of Grass" - soft, yielding, flexible, sensitive, adaptable
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### Flow - Fluidity in Movement
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Flowing is a non-stop continuous motion that changes and moves without missing a beat. We never meet strength with strength, or force with force. You must flow with the situation.
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### Constant Forward Pressure - Be Like Water
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Make sure you apply constant forward pressure against your opponent, which is like water flowing through the smallest crack seeking an opening. Whether your opponent retreats or advances, he should feel an "Alive" tension against his arms or body at all times, affecting his motions and restricting him. From this pressure, he will be forced to backpedal or go backwards.
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### Simultaneous Attack & Defense (Lin Siu Dai Da)
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Your defense is also your attack. Attack and defense are the same. We treat his attack as an opportunity to counter-attack. Instead of blocking and then returning a strike, we block and strike at the same time. JKD is an offensive art - we don't believe in defense. "Attack the Attacker" is a more pro-active solution, since it doesn't allow him to lead the fight.
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### Comfortable in All Ranges and Adaptability
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You must be comfortable in ALL ranges. Learn to adapt and overcome anything. Learn to fight and adapt to any scenario. Bruce Lee states that JKD can "fit in with any style". It means that JKD can defeat an enemy regardless of their style or system. The JKD man adapts to all weapons, kicking, boxing, trapping, clinching, and ground fighting ranges. He is the master of entry and exit.
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### Always Follow-Up on The Enemy: Assume Nothing is Final
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Upon a successful entry, always continue your attack with aggressive ABC, Forward Pressure, and Killer Instinct. Never allow him to regain his base and balance. Never allow him to counter-attack.
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### Proper Body Mechanics
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Body mechanics involve compact power, efficient structure, and leverage.
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**Proper Striking Mechanics:**
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- Stage 1: Driving from Foot to Hip
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- Stage 2: Fast Rotation from Hip to Shoulder
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- Stage 3: Loose and Relaxed Whipping Energy from Shoulder to Hand
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**Effective Striking Principles:**
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- Correct Type of Force
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- Correct Line of Force
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- Correct Stability and Leverage Upon Impact
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- Proper Weight Transfer
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- Balance in Motion
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- Proper Breathing
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- Proper Footwork
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### Defend When You Attack: Always Cover Your Gates
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You are most vulnerable to attack when you attack. Always be sure to defend your gates.
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Wu Sao is 80% of defense and is responsible for defending centerline. You can hold it:
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- In front of your chin
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- Next to your Inside Gate jaw/cheek
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- Next to your Outside Gate jaw/cheek
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Whenever you strike, be sure to cover your head with the non-striking hand. Avoid dropping your hands.
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### Longest Weapon to Nearest Target
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Use your longest (or nearest) weapon on the opponent's nearest and most vulnerable target. Thus the lead hand and lead foot is preferred to using the rear hand and foot. Or in other words, as Bruce Lee said, "I would just as soon kick someone in the head as punch him in the toe..." For example, if your enemy's face is closest to your head, then a quick Headbutt to the nose might be the best choice for attack, rather than pulling away to punch.
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### Five Principles of Jun Fan Gung Fu/Wing Chun
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#### 1. Evade a Strong Force
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There is a limit to how much force any particular technique can handle. No matter how strong the stance or how precise the angle of hands, there will be a force strong enough to get through. Master Wong Kiu expressed this thought by saying "You cannot block a motorcycle with a Bong Sau." It just can't be done.
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Jun Fan teaches some direct confrontation techniques in terms of blocking kicks or roundhouse punches; however, when the attacks are too strong, then alternative methods must be used. The advantage of direct confrontation techniques is that they are faster than going with the flow methods.
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One of the best remedies against a strong force such as a spinning kick or wild hook punch is not to be there when it arrives. You always risk getting hurt when you clash with a strong force.
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#### 2. Combined Strength
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There is a Chinese term called "Garb Lik" which means combined strength. This term also means to not have one passive hand and one active hand. For example, don't hold someone's arm with one hand while hitting high and low with the other hand. The holding hand is passive while the hitting hand is active.
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When you punch, there is also an equal strength put into the Wu Sau (guarding hand). When you apply the Bong Sau (wing block hand), you also put a strong instantaneous force into the guarding hand.
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In the Chi Sao (double sticking hands), when you do a Jik Jern (center palm hit), don't have a weak high Fook Sau or else the opponent can hit by changing his Boang Sau to a Sat Sau (neck chopping hand). Always have "Garb Lik" in all of your actions.
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#### 3. Use Body Position
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During fighting practice, the opponent may have you jammed up so that your hand actions cannot be applied. In such cases, a shift of the body can sometimes change the angles in such a way that you again have room to maneuver.
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If shifting does not help, you may still be able to move the stance in such a way as to offbalance the opponent. Even a slight change in position can sometimes give you another chance to hit.
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Seemingly hopeless situations, such as where the opponent has grabbed your kicking leg, can sometimes be remedied by changing the body position. In this case, dropping to the ground in order to kick the opponent's joint with the other leg.
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In Jun Fan, it is not only the hands which provide shocking forces. When you are being trapped, violent rotations of the body combined with the use of the elbow can sometimes save the day. Think of trying to hold on to a wiggling fish.
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#### 4. Be Direct
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There are sayings in the martial arts world such as "Use Soft Against Hard" and "Go with the Flow." These principles are useful when handling large forces. When the forces are not large, such as in the case of a roundhouse punch thrown by a similar sized opponent, it is often much quicker to clash directly with the attack so that you hit the opponent immediately.
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If you are confident with your technique and can handle the opponent's force, then you can just charge in directly to the opponent's center. Provided you are able to keep the Center, you will have no problems.
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Use your common sense to figure out under what circumstances the general principles of Jun Fan apply. These principles were often sayings to help people remember what to do. If you stick too dogmatically to a saying, then you could also be done in by it.
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#### 5. Restrict Movement (Trapping)
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The most dangerous opponent is one who is at close range with free use of both arms and legs. At high speeds it is not possible to predict or deflect all attacks. You are bound to get hit. World champion boxers are not able to avoid all hits.
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When in close contact with the opponent, try to restrict the opponent's movement. This increases your chances and decreases those of the opponent. Use one arm to control two. For example, use Gum Sau (pinning hand) to control the elbow of the opponent. When at close range, use your leg to trap the opponent's leg so that he cannot kick. There is a famous saying, "Allow the opponent's useless actions, but prevent his useful actions." If you try to control the opponent totally, then he will fight much harder than usual.
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